OPT and STEM OPT in the USA: how post-study work authorisation works

One of the biggest advantages for students on an F-1 visa in the USA is the chance to gain real work experience in their field. The main route is OPT (Optional Practical Training).

What is OPT?

OPT is temporary work authorisation for F-1 students to work in a field related to their studies. There is a total entitlement of up to 12 months per level of study. OPT can be used during studies (pre-completion) or after graduation (post-completion); most students use it after graduation.

The STEM OPT extension

Graduates of approved science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) programmes can apply for an additional 24-month extension after OPT, bringing total work time up to 3 years. For STEM OPT, the employer must be enrolled in E-Verify and a training plan is prepared.

When to apply

• For post-completion OPT, you usually apply from 90 days before to 60 days after the end of your programme.
• First you get a recommendation from the university's international student office (DSO) and a new I-20.
• Then you file Form I-765 with USCIS and wait for the work authorisation card (EAD).

Key rules

• The job must relate to your field of study.
• There is a limit on unemployment days during OPT (different for regular OPT and the STEM extension).
• Report changes of address and employment on time.
• OPT rules can change — always check with your university's international office and USCIS.

Impact on choosing a programme

Choosing a STEM-designated programme considerably extends work experience in the USA, so many students check whether a programme is on the STEM list.

Useful articles

• Studying in the USA and the F-1 visa
• Master's in data science abroad

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