SAT and ACT: differences, who needs them and how to prepare

Short answer: The SAT and ACT are standardised tests mainly used for bachelor's admission to US universities, and some universities in Europe, Asia and the Middle East accept them too. Both test maths and reading-writing skills; which to choose depends on your strengths.

What is the SAT?

The SAT is run by the College Board and is now digital. It has two main sections: reading and writing, and maths. The test is adaptive, meaning the difficulty of the second module depends on your result in the first.

What is the ACT?

The ACT covers English, maths, reading and, in some formats, science. In recent years the ACT's format and length have changed, and the science section has become optional in some cases. Check the current format on the official website.

Main differences

• Time pressure: the ACT usually gives less time per question.
• Maths: calculator rules and question types differ on the SAT.
• Science: the ACT may include a science section; the SAT does not.
• Format: the SAT is fully digital, while ACT digital and paper options may vary by country.

What does test-optional mean?

Many US universities have made the SAT/ACT non-mandatory in recent years ("test-optional"). But some strong universities have started requiring them again. Check each university's current policy on its official website. A high score can strengthen an application even at a test-optional university, especially for scholarships.

Which one to choose?

• Take a free official practice test for both and compare results.
• If your time management is strong, the ACT may suit you.
• If you are comfortable with deeper reasoning maths questions, the SAT may suit you.

Preparation plan

• Start 3–6 months ahead.
• Use official materials (College Board Bluebook, official ACT tests).
• Take one full practice test a week and analyse mistakes.
• Plan to take the test twice.

Registration

Registration is on the official websites; the list of test centres in Azerbaijan and dates may change. Seats may be limited, so register early.

SAT and language tests

The SAT does not replace a language certificate. Admission usually also requires IELTS, TOEFL or Duolingo.

Frequently asked questions

Do European universities accept the SAT?

Some universities, especially for English-taught programmes, accept SAT results or consider them an advantage. Check the programme's requirements.

What is a good score?

It depends on the university. Look at the score range of admitted students at your target universities.

Note: test formats, prices and university requirements may change. Check the College Board, ACT and university websites before registering.

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